What It Is
Autistic people have higher rates of insomnia, delayed sleep phase, night waking, and sleep-disordered breathing. A 2011 review found differences in melatonin levels or timing in every study that measured them, and sensory sensitivities and anxiety can also make sleep harder.
How It Presents in Autistic People
Sleep deprivation significantly worsens sensory sensitivity, executive function, emotional regulation, and social functioning. Poor sleep is frequently the hidden factor behind increased meltdowns, reduced tolerance, and worse school performance.
Treatment and Support
Melatonin has been studied for autism-related sleep problems, and a 2011 meta-analysis found improvements in sleep duration and time to fall asleep. Talk to your child's doctor before starting it. Sensory-friendly sleep setups (blackout curtains, white noise, consistent routines) help many families. Sleep apnea requires its own assessment and treatment.